Social Rights and Deontological Constraints

Assuming that there is not terminological or conceptual impediment to call social and economic rights “human rights”, this paper argues that social and economic human rights are normatively different from classical civil and political human rights, and that this may have some significant institutional implications. Following mainstream opinion, I presuppose that both classical liberal rights and socioeconomic human rights are bundles of negative and positive “incidents” (concrete rights). My first claim is that in both cases negative incidents can plausibly be constructed as “deontological constraints.” That means that such constraints must be observed even if infringing them could maximize the satisfaction of the interests those rights seek to preserve. My second claim is that, contrary to classical human rights, the fulfillment of the negative incidents of socioeconomic rights, albeit necessary, does not represent a significant contribution to their fulfillment. Since in the case of socioeconomic human rights positive incidents play such crucial role, there is a relevant asymmetry between classical and socioeconomic human rights. The paper concludes by showing some institutional implications of this asymmetry.Fil: Rivera López, Eduardo Enrique. Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Active control of vibrant actuators with adaptive adjustment of the reference

An improved adaptive filter for eliminating periodic vibrations of unknown frequency in rotary machinery is presented. The proposed canceller is based on a usual bank of digital adaptive notch filters, each filter tuned in the cancellation of one harmonic. The amplitude and phase of each harmonic is adaptively adjusted by an LMS-based algorithm. Moreover, the central frequency of each notch filter is also adaptively adjusted (fine tuning). The resulting algorithm, tested in an industrial application, shows effectiveness in cancelling unknown periodic disturbances, reducing environmental noise and maintenance problems.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Adaptive us-mrac for disturbance cancellation

A variable structure, model reference adaptive control (VS-MRAC) devoted to cancel interferences without the requirement of an auxiliary input is proposed. This method is an improved alternative to the strategies recently proposed in the control theory literature.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Educación compensatoria: efectos recientes de un estudio clásico (High/Scope)

Este artículo analiza dos estudios que prueban la tesis de que la educación de los desfavorecidos sociales en la edad temprana -3 y 4 años- merece la pena a corto y largo plazo. Para ello se analizan dos estudios preescolares complementarios –Perry y Curriculum -, de la Fundación High/Scope en los 60, evaluados en diversos momentos intermedios, el primero hasta alcanzar los 40 años y el segundo 23. Se describen los estudios y programas educativos, se analizan cuestiones metodológicas ligadas al seguimiento (muestra, validez, variables), se muestran los hallazgos, los tempranos específicamente escolares y otros de naturaleza distinta en la edad adulta. Finalmente se discute la modificabilidad de la inteligencia, transferencia de aprendizajes y el coste-beneficio del programa

Autoconcepto y rendimiento escolar. Implicaciones en la motivación y en el aprendizaje autorregulado.

Sin resume

The Network Picture of Labor Flow

We construct a data-driven model of flows in graphs that captures the essential elements of the movement of workers between jobs in the companies (firms) of entire economic systems such as countries. The model is based on the observation that certain job transitions between firms are often repeated over time, showing persistent behavior, and suggesting the construction of static graphs to act as the scaffolding for job mobility. Individuals in the job market (the workforce) are modelled by a discrete-time random walk on graphs, where each individual at a node can possess two states: employed or unemployed, and the rates of becoming unemployed and of finding a new job are node dependent parameters. We calculate the steady state solution of the model and compare it to extensive micro-datasets for Mexico and Finland, comprised of hundreds of thousands of firms and individuals. We find that our model possesses the correct behavior for the numbers of employed and unemployed individuals in these countries down to the level of individual firms. Our framework opens the door to a new approach to the analysis of labor mobility at high resolution, with the tantalizing potential for the development of full forecasting methods in the future.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure

Compensatory education: Long-term effects of early parental implication (and III: The C.P.C.)

After describing the program of early compensatory education (from age 3 to 9), called Chicago Child-Parent Centers (CPC), this article collects and analyses the evaluation studies of that Program from a longitudinal perspective – Chicago Longitudinal Study (CLS)-, focusing primarily on methodological problems and afterwards on the short and, mainly, long terms effects, until the targeted subjects of the Program reached the age of 24. The studies confirm the Program has lasting educational (higher performance and educational achievements) and social (higher social adjustment) effects. Subsequently, it analyses which elements of the Program can produce these beneficial effects, which are basically its early inception and parent involvement in their children’s education. Finally, it concludes that the Program is highly profitable, based on the educational implications that stem from the study

Educación compensatoria. Aprendizaje temprano, éxito posterior (II: El Carolina Abecedarian Project)

Este es un estudio de revisión en el que se analizan las investigaciones que evalúan los efectos a lo largo del tiempo del programa de educacióntemprano Abecedarian Project (ABC). El ABC es un programa compensador preventivo de 0-5 años y entresacados de madres de alto riesgo. El grupo experimental (E) recibe tratamiento preescolar intensivo, no el control (C). Se prolongó escolarmente hasta los 8 años, subdividiéndose ambos grupos: Dos -EE y CE- recibieron tratamiento intensivo; otros (EC y CC) convencional. Fueron medidos hasta los 21. Resultados: Los jóvenes adultos, tratados preescolarmente, mejoraron en rendimiento mental, lector y matemático; alcanzaron mayores instrucciones y presencia en universidades de cuatro años, así como más baja tasa de paternidad en edad teen (13 a 19 años). Sus madres alcanzaron mayor nivel educativo y de empleo. Se discute la validez y los factores asociados a los beneficios (el ser temprana, su intensidad y continuidad)